THE MOVERS AND SHAKERS

 

Donald Hoffman

• Theory: Fitness over truth.

• Contribution: Proposes that evolution shapes perceptions for survival, not for discovering objective reality

Michael Levin

• Theory: Cellular intelligence and self-organization.

• Contribution: Research into how individual cells communicate and organize to create complex organisms.​

Kristof Koch

• Theory: Integrated Information Theory (IIT).

• Contribution: Explores the nature of consciousness and its connection to physical systems.

Bernardo Kastrup

• Theory: Idealism and the primacy of consciousness.

• Contribution: Suggests that consciousness is fundamental, challenging materialistic views.

Alan Turing

• Theory: Turing Test.

• Contribution: Concept of behavior-based tests to identify intelligence or consciousness in artificial systems.

Erwin Schrödinger

• Theory: Bridging Quantum Mechanics and Deep Reality

• Contribution: Schrödinger delved deeply into the nature of existence, consciousness, and reality, influenced by both Western science and Eastern philosophy,

David Bohm

• Theory: Implicate order and the holographic universe hypothesis.

• Contribution: Suggests reality is interconnected and that the universe functions like a hologram.

​Max Tegmark

• Theory: Mathematical universe hypothesis.

• Contribution: Proposes that the universe is fundamentally mathematical in nature.

​Nick Bostrom

• Theory: Simulation hypothesis.

• Contribution: Explores the idea that we might live in a computer-generated simulation.

​Roger Penrose

• Theory: Quantum consciousness (with Stuart Hameroff).

• Contribution: Suggests that consciousness arises from quantum processes in the brain.

​Karl Pribram

• Theory: Holographic brain theory.

• Contribution: Proposes that the brain processes information in ways similar to a hologram.

​Friedrich Nietzsche

• Philosophy: Will to power and overcoming human limitations.

• Contribution: Explores the evolution of human potential and self-transcendence.

​Ludwig Wittgenstein

• Philosophy: Language and the limits of knowledge.

• Contribution: Explores the boundaries of what can be known and communicated.

John Archibald Wheeler

• (July 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist.

• He was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II.

​Alan Watts

• Philosophy: Integration of Eastern philosophy and Western thinking.

• Contribution: Explores the nature of consciousness, identity, and reality.

​Rene Descartes

• Philosophy: Dualism – separation of mind and body.

• Contribution: Introduced the concept of mind-body dualism, posing foundational questions about consciousness.

​Aristotle

• Philosophy: Purpose (teleology) in nature.

• Contribution: Explores the concept of inherent purpose driving natural systems.

​Plato

• Philosophy: Theory of Forms and the Allegory of the Cave.

• Contribution: Suggests that reality perceived through the senses is only a shadow of a deeper truth.

Daniel Quinn

• (1935–2018)

• is best known for his novel Ishmael, which challenged conventional views on civilization, progress, and humanity’s relationship with the natural world.